Glycosylation is governed by the cell metabolic status at all steps: it reflects the coordinated action of more than a hundred of synthetic enzymes on both the product and host cell proteins. Additionnally, it regulates cell growth via an unique transient glycosylation.

A repertoire of >1000 N-glycan structures can be selected  by each cell in less than 2 hours. Glycan heterogeneity can therefore be seen as a bar code for cell management and can be traced at all steps to maximize quality on line with productivity.

To this end, product glycoprofiles do not need to be fully characterized throughout bioprocesses but rather, they need to rapidly monitor quality attributes to maximize efficacy : low mannose, low fucose, high galactose, high sialic acid, no carbohydrate antigens….